ID code: '4JF2' CHIRALITY (03 Nov 1998) Checks the chirality and the naming of substituents of chiral and prochiral centers in nucleic acid structures. The molecular structure is read from a PDB file. Only the first model is evaluated. ---------------------------------------------------------- Center Reference for correct naming ---------------------------------------------------------- C1' alpha/beta nomenclature of anomeric sugars, base in beta position in natural nucleosids. C2' IUPAC. 1983. Eur J Biochem, 131: 9-15. C3' IUPAC. 1983. Eur J Biochem, 131: 9-15. C4' IUPAC. 1983. Eur J Biochem, 131: 9-15. C5' IUPAC. 1983. Eur J Biochem, 131: 9-15. P Brookhaven PDB entry '1BNA', O1P -> major groove, O2P -> minor groove. ---------------------------------------------------------- Author: Peter Slickers (slickers@imb-jena.de) Biocomputing, IMB Jena, Germany --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Seq No Atom Residue H1' base O4' H1' base C2' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 C1' GTP A 1 beta 16 22 19 44 C1' G A 2 beta 39 45 42 67 C1' A A 3 beta 62 68 65 89 C1' A A 4 beta 84 90 87 111 C1' C A 5 beta 106 112 109 131 C1' C A 6 beta 126 132 129 151 C1' G A 7 beta 146 152 149 174 C1' C A 8 beta 169 175 172 194 C1' G A 9 beta 189 195 192 217 C1' A A 10 beta 212 218 215 239 C1' A A 11 beta 234 240 237 261 C1' A A 12 beta 256 262 259 283 C1' G A 13 beta 278 284 281 306 C1' C A 14 beta 301 307 304 326 C1' G A 15 beta 321 327 324 349 C1' G A 16 beta 344 350 347 372 C1' U A 17 beta 367 373 370 392 C1' U A 18 beta 387 393 390 412 C1' C A 19 beta 407 413 410 432 C1' C A 20 beta 427 433 430 452 C1' A A 21 beta 447 453 450 474 C1' C A 22 beta 469 475 472 494 C1' G A 23 beta 489 495 492 517 C1' A A 24 beta 512 518 515 539 C1' C A 25 beta 534 540 537 559 C1' G A 26 beta 554 560 557 582 C1' A A 27 beta 577 583 580 604 C1' U A 28 beta 599 605 602 624 C1' A A 29 beta 619 625 622 646 C1' C A 30 beta 641 647 644 666 C1' U A 31 beta 661 667 664 686 C1' U A 32 beta 681 687 684 706 C1' A A 33 beta 701 707 704 728 C1' U A 34 beta 723 729 726 748 C1' U A 35 beta 743 749 746 768 C1' U A 36 beta 763 769 766 788 C1' C A 37 beta 783 789 786 808 C1' C A 38 beta 803 809 806 828 C1' U A 39 beta 823 829 826 848 C1' U A 40 beta 843 849 846 868 C1' U A 41 beta 863 869 866 888 C1' G A 42 beta 883 889 886 911 C1' A A 43 beta 906 912 909 933 C1' U A 44 beta 928 934 931 953 C1' C A 45 beta 948 954 951 973 C1' G A 46 beta 968 974 971 996 C1' U A 47 beta 991 997 994 1016 C1' C A 48 beta 1011 1017 1014 1036 C1' G A 49 beta 1031 1037 1034 1059 C1' U A 50 beta 1054 1060 1057 1079 C1' U A 51 beta 1074 1080 1077 1099 C1' A A 52 beta 1094 1100 1097 1121 C1' U A 53 beta 1116 1122 1119 1141 C1' U A 54 beta 1136 1142 1139 1161 C1' A A 55 beta 1156 1162 1159 1183 C1' C A 56 beta 1178 1184 1181 1203 C1' U A 57 beta 1198 1204 1201 1223 C1' G A 58 beta 1218 1224 1221 1246 C1' G A 59 beta 1241 1247 1244 1269 C1' C A 60 beta 1264 1270 1267 1289 C1' U A 61 beta 1284 1290 1287 1309 C1' U A 62 beta 1304 1310 1307 1329 C1' C A 63 beta 1324 1330 1327 1349 C1' G A 64 beta 1344 1350 1347 1372 C1' G A 65 beta 1367 1373 1370 1395 C1' C A 66 beta 1390 1396 1393 1415 C1' C A 67 beta 1410 1416 1413 1435 C1' A A 68 beta 1430 1436 1433 1457 C1' C A 69 beta 1452 1458 1455 1477 C1' A A 70 beta 1472 1478 1475 1499 C1' A A 71 beta 1494 1500 1497 1521 C1' A A 72 beta 1516 1522 1519 1543 C1' G A 73 beta 1538 1544 1541 1566 C1' G A 74 beta 1561 1567 1564 1589 C1' A A 75 beta 1584 1590 1587 1611 C1' G A 76 beta 1606 1612 1609 1634 C1' A A 77 beta 1629 1635 1632 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Seq No Atom Residue Deoxyribose Ribose C1' C3' H2'1 H2'2 H2' O2' H2'1 H2'2 H2' O2' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 C2' GTP A 1 OK 21 17 20 42 C2' G A 2 OK 44 40 43 65 C2' A A 3 OK 67 63 66 87 C2' A A 4 OK 89 85 88 109 C2' C A 5 OK 111 107 110 129 C2' C A 6 OK 131 127 130 149 C2' G A 7 OK 151 147 150 172 C2' C A 8 OK 174 170 173 192 C2' G A 9 OK 194 190 193 215 C2' A A 10 OK 217 213 216 237 C2' A A 11 OK 239 235 238 259 C2' A A 12 OK 261 257 260 281 C2' G A 13 OK 283 279 282 304 C2' C A 14 OK 306 302 305 324 C2' G A 15 OK 326 322 325 347 C2' G A 16 OK 349 345 348 370 C2' U A 17 OK 372 368 371 390 C2' U A 18 OK 392 388 391 410 C2' C A 19 OK 412 408 411 430 C2' C A 20 OK 432 428 431 450 C2' A A 21 OK 452 448 451 472 C2' C A 22 OK 474 470 473 492 C2' G A 23 OK 494 490 493 515 C2' A A 24 OK 517 513 516 537 C2' C A 25 OK 539 535 538 557 C2' G A 26 OK 559 555 558 580 C2' A A 27 OK 582 578 581 602 C2' U A 28 OK 604 600 603 622 C2' A A 29 OK 624 620 623 644 C2' C A 30 OK 646 642 645 664 C2' U A 31 OK 666 662 665 684 C2' U A 32 OK 686 682 685 704 C2' A A 33 OK 706 702 705 726 C2' U A 34 OK 728 724 727 746 C2' U A 35 OK 748 744 747 766 C2' U A 36 OK 768 764 767 786 C2' C A 37 OK 788 784 787 806 C2' C A 38 OK 808 804 807 826 C2' U A 39 OK 828 824 827 846 C2' U A 40 OK 848 844 847 866 C2' U A 41 OK 868 864 867 886 C2' G A 42 OK 888 884 887 909 C2' A A 43 OK 911 907 910 931 C2' U A 44 OK 933 929 932 951 C2' C A 45 OK 953 949 952 971 C2' G A 46 OK 973 969 972 994 C2' U A 47 OK 996 992 995 1014 C2' C A 48 OK 1016 1012 1015 1034 C2' G A 49 OK 1036 1032 1035 1057 C2' U A 50 OK 1059 1055 1058 1077 C2' U A 51 OK 1079 1075 1078 1097 C2' A A 52 OK 1099 1095 1098 1119 C2' U A 53 OK 1121 1117 1120 1139 C2' U A 54 OK 1141 1137 1140 1159 C2' A A 55 OK 1161 1157 1160 1181 C2' C A 56 OK 1183 1179 1182 1201 C2' U A 57 OK 1203 1199 1202 1221 C2' G A 58 OK 1223 1219 1222 1244 C2' G A 59 OK 1246 1242 1245 1267 C2' C A 60 OK 1269 1265 1268 1287 C2' U A 61 OK 1289 1285 1288 1307 C2' U A 62 OK 1309 1305 1308 1327 C2' C A 63 OK 1329 1325 1328 1347 C2' G A 64 OK 1349 1345 1348 1370 C2' G A 65 OK 1372 1368 1371 1393 C2' C A 66 OK 1395 1391 1394 1413 C2' C A 67 OK 1415 1411 1414 1433 C2' A A 68 OK 1435 1431 1434 1455 C2' C A 69 OK 1457 1453 1456 1475 C2' A A 70 OK 1477 1473 1476 1497 C2' A A 71 OK 1499 1495 1498 1519 C2' A A 72 OK 1521 1517 1520 1541 C2' G A 73 OK 1543 1539 1542 1564 C2' G A 74 OK 1566 1562 1565 1587 C2' A A 75 OK 1589 1585 1588 1609 C2' G A 76 OK 1611 1607 1610 1632 C2' A A 77 OK 1634 1630 1633 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Seq No Atom Residue H3' O3' C4' H3' O3' C2' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 C3' GTP A 1 OK 15 18 19 40 C3' G A 2 OK 38 41 42 63 C3' A A 3 OK 61 64 65 85 C3' A A 4 OK 83 86 87 107 C3' C A 5 OK 105 108 109 127 C3' C A 6 OK 125 128 129 147 C3' G A 7 OK 145 148 149 170 C3' C A 8 OK 168 171 172 190 C3' G A 9 OK 188 191 192 213 C3' A A 10 OK 211 214 215 235 C3' A A 11 OK 233 236 237 257 C3' A A 12 OK 255 258 259 279 C3' G A 13 OK 277 280 281 302 C3' C A 14 OK 300 303 304 322 C3' G A 15 OK 320 323 324 345 C3' G A 16 OK 343 346 347 368 C3' U A 17 OK 366 369 370 388 C3' U A 18 OK 386 389 390 408 C3' C A 19 OK 406 409 410 428 C3' C A 20 OK 426 429 430 448 C3' A A 21 OK 446 449 450 470 C3' C A 22 OK 468 471 472 490 C3' G A 23 OK 488 491 492 513 C3' A A 24 OK 511 514 515 535 C3' C A 25 OK 533 536 537 555 C3' G A 26 OK 553 556 557 578 C3' A A 27 OK 576 579 580 600 C3' U A 28 OK 598 601 602 620 C3' A A 29 OK 618 621 622 642 C3' C A 30 OK 640 643 644 662 C3' U A 31 OK 660 663 664 682 C3' U A 32 OK 680 683 684 702 C3' A A 33 OK 700 703 704 724 C3' U A 34 OK 722 725 726 744 C3' U A 35 OK 742 745 746 764 C3' U A 36 OK 762 765 766 784 C3' C A 37 OK 782 785 786 804 C3' C A 38 OK 802 805 806 824 C3' U A 39 OK 822 825 826 844 C3' U A 40 OK 842 845 846 864 C3' U A 41 OK 862 865 866 884 C3' G A 42 OK 882 885 886 907 C3' A A 43 OK 905 908 909 929 C3' U A 44 OK 927 930 931 949 C3' C A 45 OK 947 950 951 969 C3' G A 46 OK 967 970 971 992 C3' U A 47 OK 990 993 994 1012 C3' C A 48 OK 1010 1013 1014 1032 C3' G A 49 OK 1030 1033 1034 1055 C3' U A 50 OK 1053 1056 1057 1075 C3' U A 51 OK 1073 1076 1077 1095 C3' A A 52 OK 1093 1096 1097 1117 C3' U A 53 OK 1115 1118 1119 1137 C3' U A 54 OK 1135 1138 1139 1157 C3' A A 55 OK 1155 1158 1159 1179 C3' C A 56 OK 1177 1180 1181 1199 C3' U A 57 OK 1197 1200 1201 1219 C3' G A 58 OK 1217 1220 1221 1242 C3' G A 59 OK 1240 1243 1244 1265 C3' C A 60 OK 1263 1266 1267 1285 C3' U A 61 OK 1283 1286 1287 1305 C3' U A 62 OK 1303 1306 1307 1325 C3' C A 63 OK 1323 1326 1327 1345 C3' G A 64 OK 1343 1346 1347 1368 C3' G A 65 OK 1366 1369 1370 1391 C3' C A 66 OK 1389 1392 1393 1411 C3' C A 67 OK 1409 1412 1413 1431 C3' A A 68 OK 1429 1432 1433 1453 C3' C A 69 OK 1451 1454 1455 1473 C3' A A 70 OK 1471 1474 1475 1495 C3' A A 71 OK 1493 1496 1497 1517 C3' A A 72 OK 1515 1518 1519 1539 C3' G A 73 OK 1537 1540 1541 1562 C3' G A 74 OK 1560 1563 1564 1585 C3' A A 75 OK 1583 1586 1587 1607 C3' G A 76 OK 1605 1608 1609 1630 C3' A A 77 OK 1628 1631 1632 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Seq No Atom Residue H4' C5' C3' H4' C5' O4' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 C4' GTP A 1 OK 17 14 16 38 C4' G A 2 OK 40 37 39 61 C4' A A 3 OK 63 60 62 83 C4' A A 4 OK 85 82 84 105 C4' C A 5 OK 107 104 106 125 C4' C A 6 OK 127 124 126 145 C4' G A 7 OK 147 144 146 168 C4' C A 8 OK 170 167 169 188 C4' G A 9 OK 190 187 189 211 C4' A A 10 OK 213 210 212 233 C4' A A 11 OK 235 232 234 255 C4' A A 12 OK 257 254 256 277 C4' G A 13 OK 279 276 278 300 C4' C A 14 OK 302 299 301 320 C4' G A 15 OK 322 319 321 343 C4' G A 16 OK 345 342 344 366 C4' U A 17 OK 368 365 367 386 C4' U A 18 OK 388 385 387 406 C4' C A 19 OK 408 405 407 426 C4' C A 20 OK 428 425 427 446 C4' A A 21 OK 448 445 447 468 C4' C A 22 OK 470 467 469 488 C4' G A 23 OK 490 487 489 511 C4' A A 24 OK 513 510 512 533 C4' C A 25 OK 535 532 534 553 C4' G A 26 OK 555 552 554 576 C4' A A 27 OK 578 575 577 598 C4' U A 28 OK 600 597 599 618 C4' A A 29 OK 620 617 619 640 C4' C A 30 OK 642 639 641 660 C4' U A 31 OK 662 659 661 680 C4' U A 32 OK 682 679 681 700 C4' A A 33 OK 702 699 701 722 C4' U A 34 OK 724 721 723 742 C4' U A 35 OK 744 741 743 762 C4' U A 36 OK 764 761 763 782 C4' C A 37 OK 784 781 783 802 C4' C A 38 OK 804 801 803 822 C4' U A 39 OK 824 821 823 842 C4' U A 40 OK 844 841 843 862 C4' U A 41 OK 864 861 863 882 C4' G A 42 OK 884 881 883 905 C4' A A 43 OK 907 904 906 927 C4' U A 44 OK 929 926 928 947 C4' C A 45 OK 949 946 948 967 C4' G A 46 OK 969 966 968 990 C4' U A 47 OK 992 989 991 1010 C4' C A 48 OK 1012 1009 1011 1030 C4' G A 49 OK 1032 1029 1031 1053 C4' U A 50 OK 1055 1052 1054 1073 C4' U A 51 OK 1075 1072 1074 1093 C4' A A 52 OK 1095 1092 1094 1115 C4' U A 53 OK 1117 1114 1116 1135 C4' U A 54 OK 1137 1134 1136 1155 C4' A A 55 OK 1157 1154 1156 1177 C4' C A 56 OK 1179 1176 1178 1197 C4' U A 57 OK 1199 1196 1198 1217 C4' G A 58 OK 1219 1216 1218 1240 C4' G A 59 OK 1242 1239 1241 1263 C4' C A 60 OK 1265 1262 1264 1283 C4' U A 61 OK 1285 1282 1284 1303 C4' U A 62 OK 1305 1302 1304 1323 C4' C A 63 OK 1325 1322 1324 1343 C4' G A 64 OK 1345 1342 1344 1366 C4' G A 65 OK 1368 1365 1367 1389 C4' C A 66 OK 1391 1388 1390 1409 C4' C A 67 OK 1411 1408 1410 1429 C4' A A 68 OK 1431 1428 1430 1451 C4' C A 69 OK 1453 1450 1452 1471 C4' A A 70 OK 1473 1470 1472 1493 C4' A A 71 OK 1495 1492 1494 1515 C4' A A 72 OK 1517 1514 1516 1537 C4' G A 73 OK 1539 1536 1538 1560 C4' G A 74 OK 1562 1559 1561 1583 C4' A A 75 OK 1585 1582 1584 1605 C4' G A 76 OK 1607 1604 1606 1628 C4' A A 77 OK 1630 1627 1629 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Seq No Atom Residue H5'1 H5'2 O5' H5'1 H5'2 C4' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 C5' GTP A 1 13 15 37 C5' G A 2 36 38 60 C5' A A 3 59 61 82 C5' A A 4 81 83 104 C5' C A 5 103 105 124 C5' C A 6 123 125 144 C5' G A 7 143 145 167 C5' C A 8 166 168 187 C5' G A 9 186 188 210 C5' A A 10 209 211 232 C5' A A 11 231 233 254 C5' A A 12 253 255 276 C5' G A 13 275 277 299 C5' C A 14 298 300 319 C5' G A 15 318 320 342 C5' G A 16 341 343 365 C5' U A 17 364 366 385 C5' U A 18 384 386 405 C5' C A 19 404 406 425 C5' C A 20 424 426 445 C5' A A 21 444 446 467 C5' C A 22 466 468 487 C5' G A 23 486 488 510 C5' A A 24 509 511 532 C5' C A 25 531 533 552 C5' G A 26 551 553 575 C5' A A 27 574 576 597 C5' U A 28 596 598 617 C5' A A 29 616 618 639 C5' C A 30 638 640 659 C5' U A 31 658 660 679 C5' U A 32 678 680 699 C5' A A 33 698 700 721 C5' U A 34 720 722 741 C5' U A 35 740 742 761 C5' U A 36 760 762 781 C5' C A 37 780 782 801 C5' C A 38 800 802 821 C5' U A 39 820 822 841 C5' U A 40 840 842 861 C5' U A 41 860 862 881 C5' G A 42 880 882 904 C5' A A 43 903 905 926 C5' U A 44 925 927 946 C5' C A 45 945 947 966 C5' G A 46 965 967 989 C5' U A 47 988 990 1009 C5' C A 48 1008 1010 1029 C5' G A 49 1028 1030 1052 C5' U A 50 1051 1053 1072 C5' U A 51 1071 1073 1092 C5' A A 52 1091 1093 1114 C5' U A 53 1113 1115 1134 C5' U A 54 1133 1135 1154 C5' A A 55 1153 1155 1176 C5' C A 56 1175 1177 1196 C5' U A 57 1195 1197 1216 C5' G A 58 1215 1217 1239 C5' G A 59 1238 1240 1262 C5' C A 60 1261 1263 1282 C5' U A 61 1281 1283 1302 C5' U A 62 1301 1303 1322 C5' C A 63 1321 1323 1342 C5' G A 64 1341 1343 1365 C5' G A 65 1364 1366 1388 C5' C A 66 1387 1389 1408 C5' C A 67 1407 1409 1428 C5' A A 68 1427 1429 1450 C5' C A 69 1449 1451 1470 C5' A A 70 1469 1471 1492 C5' A A 71 1491 1493 1514 C5' A A 72 1513 1515 1536 C5' G A 73 1535 1537 1559 C5' G A 74 1558 1560 1582 C5' A A 75 1581 1583 1604 C5' G A 76 1603 1605 1627 C5' A A 77 1626 1628 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Seq No Atom Residue O1P O2P O3' O1P O2P O5' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 P G A 2 distorted distorted 18 34 35 36 56 P A A 3 distorted distorted 41 57 58 59 78 P A A 4 distorted distorted 64 79 80 81 100 P C A 5 distorted distorted 86 101 102 103 120 P C A 6 distorted distorted 108 121 122 123 140 P G A 7 distorted distorted 128 141 142 143 163 P C A 8 distorted distorted 148 164 165 166 183 P G A 9 distorted distorted 171 184 185 186 206 P A A 10 distorted distorted 191 207 208 209 228 P A A 11 distorted distorted 214 229 230 231 250 P A A 12 distorted distorted 236 251 252 253 272 P G A 13 distorted distorted 258 273 274 275 295 P C A 14 distorted distorted 280 296 297 298 315 P G A 15 distorted distorted 303 316 317 318 338 P G A 16 distorted distorted 323 339 340 341 361 P U A 17 distorted distorted 346 362 363 364 381 P U A 18 distorted distorted 369 382 383 384 401 P C A 19 distorted distorted 389 402 403 404 421 P C A 20 distorted distorted 409 422 423 424 441 P A A 21 distorted distorted 429 442 443 444 463 P C A 22 distorted distorted 449 464 465 466 483 P G A 23 distorted distorted 471 484 485 486 506 P A A 24 distorted distorted 491 507 508 509 528 P C A 25 distorted distorted 514 529 530 531 548 P G A 26 distorted distorted 536 549 550 551 571 P A A 27 distorted distorted 556 572 573 574 593 P U A 28 distorted distorted 579 594 595 596 613 P A A 29 distorted distorted 601 614 615 616 635 P C A 30 distorted distorted 621 636 637 638 655 P U A 31 distorted distorted 643 656 657 658 675 P U A 32 distorted distorted 663 676 677 678 695 P A A 33 distorted distorted 683 696 697 698 717 P U A 34 distorted distorted 703 718 719 720 737 P U A 35 distorted distorted 725 738 739 740 757 P U A 36 distorted distorted 745 758 759 760 777 P C A 37 distorted distorted 765 778 779 780 797 P C A 38 distorted distorted 785 798 799 800 817 P U A 39 distorted distorted 805 818 819 820 837 P U A 40 distorted distorted 825 838 839 840 857 P U A 41 distorted distorted 845 858 859 860 877 P G A 42 distorted distorted 865 878 879 880 900 P A A 43 distorted distorted 885 901 902 903 922 P U A 44 distorted distorted 908 923 924 925 942 P C A 45 distorted distorted 930 943 944 945 962 P G A 46 distorted distorted 950 963 964 965 985 P U A 47 distorted distorted 970 986 987 988 1005 P C A 48 distorted distorted 993 1006 1007 1008 1025 P G A 49 distorted distorted 1013 1026 1027 1028 1048 P U A 50 distorted distorted 1033 1049 1050 1051 1068 P U A 51 distorted distorted 1056 1069 1070 1071 1088 P A A 52 distorted distorted 1076 1089 1090 1091 1110 P U A 53 distorted distorted 1096 1111 1112 1113 1130 P U A 54 distorted distorted 1118 1131 1132 1133 1150 P A A 55 distorted distorted 1138 1151 1152 1153 1172 P C A 56 distorted distorted 1158 1173 1174 1175 1192 P U A 57 distorted distorted 1180 1193 1194 1195 1212 P G A 58 distorted distorted 1200 1213 1214 1215 1235 P G A 59 distorted distorted 1220 1236 1237 1238 1258 P C A 60 distorted distorted 1243 1259 1260 1261 1278 P U A 61 distorted distorted 1266 1279 1280 1281 1298 P U A 62 distorted distorted 1286 1299 1300 1301 1318 P C A 63 distorted distorted 1306 1319 1320 1321 1338 P G A 64 distorted distorted 1326 1339 1340 1341 1361 P G A 65 distorted distorted 1346 1362 1363 1364 1384 P C A 66 distorted distorted 1369 1385 1386 1387 1404 P C A 67 distorted distorted 1392 1405 1406 1407 1424 P A A 68 distorted distorted 1412 1425 1426 1427 1446 P C A 69 distorted distorted 1432 1447 1448 1449 1466 P A A 70 distorted distorted 1454 1467 1468 1469 1488 P A A 71 distorted distorted 1474 1489 1490 1491 1510 P A A 72 distorted distorted 1496 1511 1512 1513 1532 P G A 73 distorted distorted 1518 1533 1534 1535 1555 P G A 74 distorted distorted 1540 1556 1557 1558 1578 P A A 75 distorted distorted 1563 1579 1580 1581 1600 P G A 76 distorted distorted 1586 1601 1602 1603 1623 P A A 77 distorted distorted 1608 1624 1625 1626 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------