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(-) Description

Title :  CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A BIFUNCTIONAL NMN ADENYLYLTRANSFERASE/ADP RIBOSE PYROPHOSPHATASE (NADM) COMPLEXED WITH ADPRP AND NAD FROM SYNECHOCYSTIS SP.
 
Authors :  N. Huang, L. Sorci, X. Zhang, C. Brautigan, N. Raffaelli, G. Magni, N. V. A. Osterman, H. Zhang
Date :  08 Jul 07  (Deposition) - 11 Mar 08  (Release) - 13 Jul 11  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.60
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A,B,C
Biol. Unit 1:  A,B,C  (2x)
Keywords :  Two Individual Domains, Transferase, Hydrolase (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  N. Huang, L. Sorci, X. Zhang, C. A. Brautigam, X. Li, N. Raffaelli, G. Magni, N. V. Grishin, A. L. Osterman, H. Zhang
Bifunctional Nmn Adenylyltransferase/Adp-Ribose Pyrophosphatase: Structure And Function In Bacterial Nad Metabolism.
Structure V. 16 196 2008
PubMed-ID: 18275811  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1016/J.STR.2007.11.017

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - BIFUNCTIONAL NMN ADENYLYLTRANSFERASE/NUDIX HYDROLASE
    ChainsA, B, C
    EC Number2.7.7.1, 3.6.1.-
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI BL21
    Expression System PlasmidPPROEX
    Expression System StrainBL21
    Expression System Taxid511693
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    GeneSLR0787
    Organism ScientificSYNECHOCYSTIS SP.
    Organism Taxid1148
    StrainPCC 6803
    SynonymNICOTINAMIDE-NUCLEOTIDE ADENYLYLTRANSFERASE, NAD(+) PYROPHOSPHORYLASE, NAD(+) DIPHOSPHORYLASE, ADP COMPOUNDS HYDROLASE.

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  123
Asymmetric Unit ABC
Biological Unit 1 (2x)ABC

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (4, 13)

Asymmetric Unit (4, 13)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1APR3Ligand/IonADENOSINE-5-DIPHOSPHORIBOSE
2NAD3Ligand/IonNICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE
3POP3Ligand/IonPYROPHOSPHATE 2-
4SO44Ligand/IonSULFATE ION
Biological Unit 1 (4, 26)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1APR6Ligand/IonADENOSINE-5-DIPHOSPHORIBOSE
2NAD6Ligand/IonNICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE
3POP6Ligand/IonPYROPHOSPHATE 2-
4SO48Ligand/IonSULFATE ION

(-) Sites  (13, 13)

Asymmetric Unit (13, 13)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
01AC1SOFTWAREARG A:43 , ARG A:53 , HOH A:805BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE SO4 A 402
02AC2SOFTWARELYS A:4 , LYS A:31 , ASN A:104 , HOH A:731 , HOH A:794BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE SO4 A 403
03AC3SOFTWAREHIS A:42 , ARG A:43 , ARG A:79 , HOH A:825 , HOH B:788BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE SO4 A 404
04AC4SOFTWAREASP A:316 , HIS B:42 , ARG B:43 , ARG B:79BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE SO4 B 401
05AC5SOFTWARETYR A:188 , PHE A:201 , THR A:203 , ASP A:205 , ARG A:219 , GLY A:232 , GLY A:233 , PHE A:234 , GLU A:248 , GLU A:252 , ARG A:277 , ARG A:280 , THR A:283 , GLU A:326 , HIS A:328 , HOH A:767 , HOH A:769 , HOH A:799 , HOH A:818 , HOH A:819 , TYR C:197BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE APR A 501
06AC6SOFTWARETYR A:10 , ILE A:11 , GLY A:12 , ARG A:13 , PHE A:14 , HIS A:21 , GLY A:40 , SER A:41 , ASP A:80 , TRP A:81 , ASP A:85 , TRP A:88 , HIS A:111 , TYR A:118 , TYR A:119 , GLY A:132 , HIS A:133 , TYR A:134 , PHE A:137 , HOH A:710 , HOH A:717 , HOH A:774 , HOH A:810BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE NAD A 601
07AC7SOFTWAREARG A:13 , LYS A:113 , SER A:138 , SER A:139 , THR A:140 , ARG A:143BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE POP A 701
08AC8SOFTWARETYR B:188 , TYR B:197 , PHE B:201 , THR B:203 , ASP B:205 , ARG B:219 , GLY B:232 , GLY B:233 , PHE B:234 , GLU B:248 , GLU B:252 , ARG B:277 , ARG B:280 , GLU B:326 , HIS B:328 , HOH B:730 , HOH B:775 , HOH B:791 , HOH B:799 , HOH B:834BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE APR B 502
09AC9SOFTWARETYR B:10 , ILE B:11 , GLY B:12 , ARG B:13 , PHE B:14 , HIS B:18 , HIS B:21 , GLY B:40 , SER B:41 , ASP B:80 , TRP B:81 , ASP B:85 , TRP B:88 , HIS B:111 , LYS B:113 , TYR B:118 , TYR B:119 , GLY B:132 , HIS B:133 , TYR B:134 , PHE B:137 , HOH B:734 , HOH B:741 , HOH B:745BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE NAD B 602
10BC1SOFTWAREARG B:13 , ARG B:49 , LYS B:113 , SER B:138 , SER B:139 , THR B:140 , ARG B:143BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE POP B 702
11BC2SOFTWARETYR A:197 , TYR C:188 , PHE C:201 , THR C:203 , ASP C:205 , ARG C:219 , GLY C:232 , GLY C:233 , PHE C:234 , GLU C:248 , GLU C:252 , ARG C:277 , ARG C:280 , GLU C:326 , HIS C:328 , HOH C:731 , HOH C:748BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE APR C 503
12BC3SOFTWARETYR C:10 , ILE C:11 , GLY C:12 , ARG C:13 , PHE C:14 , HIS C:18 , GLY C:40 , SER C:41 , ASP C:80 , TRP C:81 , SER C:84 , ASP C:85 , TRP C:88 , GLY C:110 , HIS C:111 , TYR C:118 , TYR C:119 , HIS C:133 , TYR C:134 , PHE C:137BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE NAD C 603
13BC4SOFTWAREARG C:13 , LYS C:113 , SER C:138 , SER C:139 , THR C:140 , ARG C:143BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE POP C 703

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 2QJO)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (9, 9)

Asymmetric Unit
No.Residues
1Gln A:15 -Pro A:16
2Lys A:222 -Pro A:223
3Gln B:15 -Pro B:16
4Lys B:222 -Pro B:223
5Gln C:15 -Pro C:16
6Leu C:122 -Phe C:123
7Gly C:132 -His C:133
8Pro C:135 -Asp C:136
9Lys C:222 -Pro C:223

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 2QJO)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (2, 6)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 6)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1NUDIXPS51462 Nudix hydrolase domain profile.NADM_SYNY3199-335
 
 
  3A:199-335
B:199-335
C:199-335
2NUDIX_BOXPS00893 Nudix box signature.NADM_SYNY3233-254
 
 
  3A:233-254
B:233-254
C:233-254
Biological Unit 1 (2, 12)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1NUDIXPS51462 Nudix hydrolase domain profile.NADM_SYNY3199-335
 
 
  6A:199-335
B:199-335
C:199-335
2NUDIX_BOXPS00893 Nudix box signature.NADM_SYNY3233-254
 
 
  6A:233-254
B:233-254
C:233-254

(-) Exons   (0, 0)

(no "Exon" information available for 2QJO)

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:332
 aligned with NADM_SYNY3 | Q55928 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:339

    Alignment length:338
                              1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                              |      8        18        28        38        48        58        68        78        88        98       108       118       128       138       148       158       168       178       188       198       208       218       228       238       248       258       268       278       288       298       308       318       328        
           NADM_SYNY3     - --MQTKYQYGIYIGRFQPFHLGHLRTLNLALEKAEQVIIILGSHRVAADTRNPWRSPERMAMIEACLSPQILKRVHFLTVRDWLYSDNLWLAAVQQQVLKITGGSNSVVVLGHRKDASSYYLNLFPQWDYLETGHYPDFSSTAIRGAYFEGKEGDYLDKVPPAIADYLQTFQKSERYIALCDEYQFLQAYKQAWATAPYAPTFITTDAVVVQAGHVLMVRRQAKPGLGLIALPGGFIKQNETLVEGMLRELKEETRLKVPLPVLRGSIVDSHVFDAPGRSLRGRTITHAYFIQLPGGELPAVKGGDDAQKAWWMSLADLYAQEEQIYEDHFQIIQHFV 336
               SCOP domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ......eeeeeeee.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeee..........hhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhh.eeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeee...hhhhhhhhh....eeee.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.........eeeeeeeeee..eeeeee.........ee..eee.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhheeeeeee..........eeeeeeeee..........------.eeeeehhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NUDIX  PDB: A:199-335 UniProt: 199-335                                                                                                   - PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NUDIX_BOX             ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (2)
                 Transcript -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 2qjo A  -1 DPMQTKYQYGIYIGRFQPFHLGHLRTLNLALEKAEQVIIILGSHRVAADTRNPWRSPERMAMIEACLSPQILKRVHFLTVRDWLYSDNLWLAAVQQQVLKITGGSNSVVVLGHRKDASSYYLNLFPQWDYLETGHYPDFSSTAIRGAYFEGKEGDYLDKVPPAIADYLQTFQKSERYIALCDEYQFLQAYKQAWATAPYAPTFITTDAVVVQAGHVLMVRRQAKPGLGLIALPGGFIKQNETLVEGMLRELKEETRLKVPLPVLRGSIVDSHVFDAPGRSLRGRTITHAYFIQLPGGELPAVK------KAWWMSLADLYAQEEQIYEDHFQIIQHFV 336
                                     8        18        28        38        48        58        68        78        88        98       108       118       128       138       148       158       168       178       188       198       208       218       228       238       248       258       268       278       288       298  |    308       318       328        
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        301    308                            

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:336
 aligned with NADM_SYNY3 | Q55928 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:339

    Alignment length:336
                                    13        23        33        43        53        63        73        83        93       103       113       123       133       143       153       163       173       183       193       203       213       223       233       243       253       263       273       283       293       303       313       323       333      
           NADM_SYNY3     4 KYQYGIYIGRFQPFHLGHLRTLNLALEKAEQVIIILGSHRVAADTRNPWRSPERMAMIEACLSPQILKRVHFLTVRDWLYSDNLWLAAVQQQVLKITGGSNSVVVLGHRKDASSYYLNLFPQWDYLETGHYPDFSSTAIRGAYFEGKEGDYLDKVPPAIADYLQTFQKSERYIALCDEYQFLQAYKQAWATAPYAPTFITTDAVVVQAGHVLMVRRQAKPGLGLIALPGGFIKQNETLVEGMLRELKEETRLKVPLPVLRGSIVDSHVFDAPGRSLRGRTITHAYFIQLPGGELPAVKGGDDAQKAWWMSLADLYAQEEQIYEDHFQIIQHFVSKV 339
               SCOP domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...eeeeee.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.eeeeeeeee..........hhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhh.eeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeee...hhhhhhhhh....eeee.......hhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh........eeeeeeeeeee..eeeeee.........ee..eee.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhh.eeeeeee.........eeeeeeeeee.................eeeeehhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NUDIX  PDB: B:199-335 UniProt: 199-335                                                                                                   ---- PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NUDIX_BOX             ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (2)
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Transcript
                 2qjo B   4 KYQYGIYIGRFQPFHLGHLRTLNLALEKAEQVIIILGSHRVAADTRNPWRSPERMAMIEACLSPQILKRVHFLTVRDWLYSDNLWLAAVQQQVLKITGGSNSVVVLGHRKDASSYYLNLFPQWDYLETGHYPDFSSTAIRGAYFEGKEGDYLDKVPPAIADYLQTFQKSERYIALCDEYQFLQAYKQAWATAPYAPTFITTDAVVVQAGHVLMVRRQAKPGLGLIALPGGFIKQNETLVEGMLRELKEETRLKVPLPVLRGSIVDSHVFDAPGRSLRGRTITHAYFIQLPGGELPAVKGGDDAQKAWWMSLADLYAQEEQIYEDHFQIIQHFVSKV 339
                                    13        23        33        43        53        63        73        83        93       103       113       123       133       143       153       163       173       183       193       203       213       223       233       243       253       263       273       283       293       303       313       323       333      

Chain C from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:327
 aligned with NADM_SYNY3 | Q55928 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:339

    Alignment length:334
                                    13        23        33        43        53        63        73        83        93       103       113       123       133       143       153       163       173       183       193       203       213       223       233       243       253       263       273       283       293       303       313       323       333    
           NADM_SYNY3     4 KYQYGIYIGRFQPFHLGHLRTLNLALEKAEQVIIILGSHRVAADTRNPWRSPERMAMIEACLSPQILKRVHFLTVRDWLYSDNLWLAAVQQQVLKITGGSNSVVVLGHRKDASSYYLNLFPQWDYLETGHYPDFSSTAIRGAYFEGKEGDYLDKVPPAIADYLQTFQKSERYIALCDEYQFLQAYKQAWATAPYAPTFITTDAVVVQAGHVLMVRRQAKPGLGLIALPGGFIKQNETLVEGMLRELKEETRLKVPLPVLRGSIVDSHVFDAPGRSLRGRTITHAYFIQLPGGELPAVKGGDDAQKAWWMSLADLYAQEEQIYEDHFQIIQHFVS 337
               SCOP domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
           Pfam domains (1) -----CTP_transf_2-2qjoC01 C:9-150                                                                                                                  ---------------------------------------------------NUDIX-2qjoC04 C:202-337                                                                                                                  Pfam domains (1)
           Pfam domains (2) -----CTP_transf_2-2qjoC02 C:9-150                                                                                                                  ---------------------------------------------------NUDIX-2qjoC05 C:202-337                                                                                                                  Pfam domains (2)
           Pfam domains (3) -----CTP_transf_2-2qjoC03 C:9-150                                                                                                                  ---------------------------------------------------NUDIX-2qjoC06 C:202-337                                                                                                                  Pfam domains (3)
         Sec.struct. author ...eeeeee.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.eeeeeeeee..........hhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhh.eeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeee......hhhhh.....eeee.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.........eeeeeeeeee..eeeeee.........ee..eee.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhheeeeeee..........eeeeeeeee.........-------.eeeeehhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NUDIX  PDB: C:199-335 UniProt: 199-335                                                                                                   -- PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NUDIX_BOX             ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (2)
                 Transcript ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 2qjo C   4 KYQYGIYIGRFQPFHLGHLRTLNLALEKAEQVIIILGSHRVAADTRNPWRSPERMAMIEACLSPQILKRVHFLTVRDWLYSDNLWLAAVQQQVLKITGGSNSVVVLGHRKDASSYYLNLFPQWDYLETGHYPDFSSTAIRGAYFEGKEGDYLDKVPPAIADYLQTFQKSERYIALCDEYQFLQAYKQAWATAPYAPTFITTDAVVVQAGHVLMVRRQAKPGLGLIALPGGFIKQNETLVEGMLRELKEETRLKVPLPVLRGSIVDSHVFDAPGRSLRGRTITHAYFIQLPGGELPAV-------KAWWMSLADLYAQEEQIYEDHFQIIQHFVS 337
                                    13        23        33        43        53        63        73        83        93       103       113       123       133       143       153       163       173       183       193       203       213       223       233       243       253       263       273       283       293      |  -    |  313       323       333    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  300     308                             

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (0, 0)

(no "SCOP Domain" information available for 2QJO)

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 2QJO)

(-) Pfam Domains  (2, 6)

Asymmetric Unit
(-)
Clan: HUP (230)
(-)
Clan: NUDIX (85)

(-) Gene Ontology  (12, 12)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B,C   (NADM_SYNY3 | Q55928)
molecular function
    GO:0005524    ATP binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
    GO:0003824    catalytic activity    Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.
    GO:0016787    hydrolase activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3.
    GO:0000309    nicotinamide-nucleotide adenylyltransferase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nicotinamide nucleotide = diphosphate + NAD+.
    GO:0000166    nucleotide binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.
    GO:0016779    nucleotidyltransferase activity    Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleotidyl group to a reactant.
    GO:0016740    transferase activity    Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
biological process
    GO:0009435    NAD biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
    GO:0009058    biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones.
    GO:0008152    metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation.
    GO:0019363    pyridine nucleotide biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base.
cellular component
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

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